Sunday, October 4, 2009

Various cooling methods for Earth

There are 2 main methods of cooling: radiative and convection. Radiative cooling is what is referred to by the greenhouse effect. The IR radiation of Earth is being slowed by molecules with 3 or more atoms (bending modes), such as water, methane, and co2. However, Earth is not a perfect blackbody and the IR radiation is that of the Earth's surface, mostly water. Satellite data show that although there is a rough contour of a 300K blackbody, the spectrum is that of water, with a big hole around the 600 cm-1 (one of the 2 co2 IR lines). Surface IR emissions are absorbed by water vapor, not so much by co2.

In terms of energy transport, the convection process is much more powerful and faster than the radiative
process, thanks to latent heat transfer by water phase changes. Experiment: 2 containers of water are heated to, say, 40C. Container A is a thermos without the mirroring so the water can cool only by radiation. Container B has the top opened so water can evaporate into the surroundings. Which container has the fastest
lowering temperature?

The alarmists are confused by first crying about global warming, then about climate change. GCM used to be
Global Climate Model, it is now Global Current Model, since air currents, along with the attending water dynamics, dictate climate. Well, ocean dynamics (again, water) plays a big role in climate.

Essentially all warming effects - climatewize - of co2 are mitigated by the convection mechanism. Think of the area below the clouds and about 2-3 kilometers above as the water backyard: here, co2 is water's bitch. You see clouds and conclude that water way up there come from the surface. As a mass of air goes up, adiabatic expansion occurs, lowering both temperature and pressure. Now, you say that IR is still being emitted and absorbed by co2 and reply is: yes and the clouds will be higher by less than 1 meter and have the same cooling effect.

Now the water has condensed and the air mass cooled, the descent back to the surface commences. Most water has condensed away and the % of co2 increases. Temperature rise on adiabatic compression is a function of the heat capacity ratio (Cp/Cv): the higher (Cp/Cv) is, the higher end temperature becomes. For o2, n2, h2o, and co2, the (Cp/Cv) are respectively 1.39, 1.40, 1.34, and 1.30. Here, paradoxically, the greater the co2 %, the lower would be the temperature at the end of the compression process. Now, you say IR is still being emitted and absorbed by co2 and reply is: the temperature rise from the IR absorption cancels out the lowered temperature from compression.

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